Modifiers in Java

Modifier in java

Modifier are keyword that are added to  those definition to change their meaning.
Java has a two types of modifier,

                    I. Access Control Modifier.
                   II. Non-Access Modifier.

Access Control Modifier
Java provide access modifier to control access levels for classes, variable and constructor.
                   Default – It visible to the same package. No modifiers are need.
                   Public – It visible to the world.
                   Protected – It visible within the package and all sub classes.
                   Private – It visible within the classes only.

Modifier in java

Non-Access Modifier

Java can provide some other modifier to provide rather than visibility . This modifier are called Non-Access Modifier. Each modifier have their own functionality .The most used non-access modifier listed below.

                   Final          – Modifier to finalizing the implementations of classes, methods, and variables.
                   Static         – Modifier to create class methods and variables .
                   Abstract   – Modifier for creating abstract classes and methods .
                   Transient– Modifier is included in the statement that creates the variable, preceding the
class or data type of the variable.
                   Synchronized and Volatile -Modifiers for use in threads.

Example 1:
class Phone
{
 final int PRICE_MIN = 999;
 final int PRICE_MAX = 5600;	//final variable
 
 final void display()	//final method
 {
  System.out.println("Min Price is" + PRICE_MIN);
  System.out.println("Max Price is" + PRICE_MAX );
 }
}
Example 2:
class Programming {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    display();
  }
 
  static void display() {
    System.out.println("I love to programming in Java.");
  }
}

Java modifiers and access rules:

  • If class A can’t access class B, then class A can’t access any member (method or variable) in class B.
  • For a subclass outside the package, the protected member can be accessed only through inheritance.
  • It is illegal to have even a single abstract method in a class that is not explicitly declared abstract!
  • You can have an abstract class with no abstract methods.
  • The first concrete subclass of an abstract class must implement all abstract methods of the super class.
  • Initialization code block are not allowed in interfaces.
  • Inner classes in interfaces must be public static.
  • A member/(inner) interface can only be defined inside a top-level class or interface not inside methods.
  • Static data fields can only be declared in static or top level types.